Gold mining places in Russia
The development of new sources of precious metals and the modernization of core technologies have allowed Russia to become a leader in industrial gold mining. Large natural accumulations of this metal are considered rare. Furthermore, it is necessary to take into account the depletion of reserves during active exploitation in the fields. The main part of mined gold is used as the basis for forming state reserves, the rest is used for jewelry and partly in industry. Further work is continuously underway to develop efficient production methods with reduced costs.
Deposit classification
Technical advances have helped develop gold mining technology using modern methods using specialized equipment. Precious metal deposits are divided by type of gold deposits under natural conditions:
primary or native;
secondary or alluvial.
Native
The main deposit is fragments of volcanic magma poured onto the earth's surface during volcanic eruptions ... The gold content in it is much higher than in the earth's crust. Sometimes metals are found in the form of nuggets or veins, but most often they are combined with other chemical compounds and alloys.
Placer
To mine gold in Russia, they mainly use deposits of secondary type (placer). Under the influence of various natural phenomena over long periods of time such as changes in temperature, precipitation, groundwater, microbial activity, the rock gradually collapses.In this case, the gold contained in it will be released and go out onto flat surfaces with the formation of emergence sites.
The classification of deposits determines the amount of metal stored. Native is considered the largest and most unique. The amount of gold in the ore ranges from 15 to 100 tons. The gold particles in the ore are divided according to the size of the particles ranging from 0.01 - 70 microns. Gold in its occurrence, due to its geochemical properties, forms concentrations of different genetic associations. Primary deposits exist with metal specific charges above 50% and are complex, with gold content as a related component.
In Russia, the main reserves of this class are found in carbonate-carbon mountain complexes and in various sedimentary strata of volcanic activity.
Sandstone deposits, which appear as a result of the destruction of primary rocks, were initially developed by prospectors in mines. The value of the gold content in them fluctuates within the limits of 100 mg / m3. Gradually, such deposits may be depleted, but the share of such placers in our country remains significant and accounts for half of all mined gold. Man-made artichokes are formed in an incomplete mining cycle to extract precious metals, they include a complex dump and residual rock. Marine and coastal heterogeneous localizers are also being developed.
Main mining locations
Primary gold deposits have been developed since Soviet times and continue to be actively mined on an industrial scale to this day. ... On the territory of Russia, the main production sites are concentrated in the Far East, Yakutia, Eastern Siberia, in the Primorsky Territory, partly in the European part of the country and in the Urals ... In total, the country This country produces 8% of global output with an upward trend in this index. The regions of Siberia and the Urals are the most promising for precious metal mines. Gold mining technology is being mastered by about 20 businesses and mines, annually adding dozens of kilograms of metal to the State's reserves.
Gold ore discovered in the 17th century in the Trans-Baikal Territory immediately attracted prospectors. Today, there are thousands of mines in the region, producing about 13 tons of precious metals. This is a promising area, exploration has shown good volumes of low-cost placer gold. In the fourth largest region for gold production, in the Irkutsk region, the main enterprises are located in the Bodaibo region.
Together, they mined 23 tons of metal to the surface.
Placer gold on Sakhalin is located on the territory of the Langeriy cluster ... Precious metals have been mined here since 1933 using hydraulic methods. Every year, reserves increase, capable of ensuring stable production of mining enterprises. Potential mining areas have recently been discovered in the north of the island. They can be developed without creating complex industries.
The very name Altai reflects the ancient name of gold. Metal for the royal treasury was smelted there. After the revolution, there was a fragmented development of mines, but only from the early 2000s onwards the Altai Territory ore mining industry began, mines in Zmeinogorsky and Zarechensky districts, in Rubtsovsky district a production base Modern production was created, the development of a large Korbolikhinsky mine was planned.
With high recovery capacity and compliance with environmental protection requirements, reserves are used to the maximum.
One of the largest gold mines in the world - Olimpiada is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory ... Its uniqueness lies in the source of raw materials; To date, 500 tons of gold have been mined from its depths. V Novosibirsk Region large amounts of gold are mined at the Egoryevskoye Field. Additional gold-bearing areas were found near it, development rights were put up for auction.
The reserve of the Bayramgulovskoye mine located in the Chelyabinsk region is estimated at 1.7 tons. It is being developed by the company Miasszoloto, which has a processing market share of about 60% of placer metals in the region. This Ural region annually produces up to 7 tons of precious metals, which is achieved thanks to the total output of the largest mines:
Murashkin Mountain;
Kurosan West;
Bereznyakovskoye;
Svetlinskoe.
V Sverdlovsk Region Since ancient times, gold nuggets have been found, this region is often called the key to later development in Siberia and the Far East ... Up to 11 tons of gold are mined here every year . The most famous gold mining sites are at the Berezovsky and Kochkarsky mines.
A few centuries ago, people found medium and large gold pads, as well as nuggets in the floodplains of the Bzykha, Lipovaya and Khamyshinka rivers in the Krasnodar Territory ... Placer terrace scale is located in Khadzhokh glade. Now gold mining is being carried out in the quarries of the Laba River. The amount of gold mined in this area is up to 20 kg per year.
Mining of precious metals in the Leningrad region is recognized as unprofitable on an industrial scale due to the scarcity of locations of gold-bearing veins. Although survey work is being carried out on the territory of the Ladoga region.
Gold mining is currently being done by diligent workers.
Where is the most gold?
The Berezovskoye gold deposit in the Urals is considered the largest in Russia. Its history begins in the mid-18th century. Precious metals in this section are concentrated in the form of thin and medium-sized inclusions inside the rock, where gold is most abundant. In addition, the upper layers have many nuggets. The large ore deposit eventually became the main mine of Russia, from which 125 tons of yellow metal were recovered.
The closed mining method increases the price of gold.
The districts of the Sverdlovsk region are also famous for the second largest Vorontsov mine. This is a fairly young company, but today it is being very actively developed with the use of technology to carry out work in winter. Experts estimate the amount of gold in it is 65 tons.
The other largest Natalka field is located at Sukhoy Log , which has similar gold mining resources, with significant reserves of 27 tons of the metal. Along with the deposits, it is necessary to note the Omchak, Dogaldyn and Berelekh rich alluvium.
They contain most of Russia's existing similar placer precious metal reserves.
Gold mining enterprise
An analysis of the total volume of gold mined in Russia shows that most of the valuable metal deposits are located in the Urals and beyond. The central part of the country is represented in this area only by three gold ore territories. The development of all primary deposits is carried out by several large enterprises in the gold mining industry.
Severstal has an international position in the metallurgical industry, in addition, it owns 5 mines located in the Republic of Sakha, Buryatia and in the Amur region. Polyus Gold is also ranked as the world's largest gold mining enterprise. The geographical location of the mines is limited to the Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Magadan and Amur regions.
The second place in the country in terms of the volume of mined gold belongs to the company "Polymetal" ... It is operating in Chukotka, the Urals and the Magadan region. The Yuzhuralzoloto group carries out production processes in closed and open methods in the fields of the Chelyabinsk Region, Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Republic of Khakassia. Canadian Kinross Gold received the rights to mine the yellow metal in the Sakha Republic.
